Sources of Carbon Monoxide

If a home has any of these potential sources of CO it should have a Carbon Monoxide Alarm installed

Sources of Carbon Monoxide

Toxic amounts of CO can be produced if there is:

• Inadequate ventilation, so that there is not enough oxygen for the fuel to burn properly.
• An appliance not working correctly due to poor installation, lack of servicing or chimney / flue blockage.
• Cracked / Rusted flues or chimneys

Where to place CO Alarms or Detectors: Ideally you should have an alarm/detector in or near every room that contains a fuel burning appliance.

However, if you have more than one appliance, but only one alarm/detector, you should take the following into consideration when deciding where best to put the alarm/detector.

• If there is an appliance in the bedroom, you should put a alarm/detector in that room.
• If there is an appliance in a room that you use frequently, e.g. sitting room or kitchen, you should put it in that room.
• If you live in a bedsit, put the alarm/detector as far away from the cooking appliances as possible, but near to the place where you sleep.
• If the appliance is in a room not normally used (e.g. a boiler room), put the Carbon Monoxide alarm / detector just outside the room so that you will be able to hear the alarm more easily.

How the CO Alarm gives Warnings

When the Carbon Monoxide alarm detects potentially dangerous levels of CO, it flashes the red alarm light immediately and then sounds a loud alarm if the CO persists. At higher levels of CO the alarm turns on sooner. The rate of flashing of the red light indicates the level of CO. The alarm checks for CO every 50 seconds.

Effects of Cumulative CO Exposure

• <CO ppm  – Inhalation Time (approx) and Symptoms Developed>
• 35 CO PPM – The maximum allowable concentration for continuous exposure in any 8-hour period according to OSHA**.
• 150 CO PPM – Slight headache after 1.5 hours.
• 200 CO PPM – Slight headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea after 2-3 hours.
• 400 CO PPM – Frontal headaches within 1-2 hours, life threatening after 3 hours.
• 800 CO PPM – Dizziness, nausea and convulsions within 45 minutes. Unconsciousness within 2 hours. Death within 2-3 hours.
• 1.600 CO PPM – Headache, dizziness and nausea within 20minutes. Death within 1 hour.
• 3.200 CO PPM – Headache, dizziness and nausea within 5-10 minutes. Death within 25-30 minutes.
• 6.400 CO PPM – Headache, dizziness and nausea within 1-2 minutes. Death within 10-15 minutes.
• 12.800 CO PPM – Death within 1-3 minutes.

In conclusion, it is up to us to protect our families / our home environment from this Silent Killer – the Carbon Monoxide. Especially with the development of the new technologies + new home appliances, the risk of CO poisoning is continually growing. Below are some of the Carbon Monoxide Alarms from Aico (Ei Electronics) that can help you fight this killer, the CO.

• Aico CO215 – Aico EI205ENA Battery Operated Carbon Monoxide Alarm(Battery Powered Alarm with Recall Memory Feature Model: Ei205EN);
• Aico EI220EN – Aico Mains CO Alarms with cable and plug (Mains Powered Plug-in Alarm Model: Ei220EN);
• Aico EI261 – Aico Ei261ENRC Carbon Monoxide Alarm With Rechargable Lithium Cell Back-Up (Mains Powered Alarm with Interconnect & Rechargeable Batteries Model: Ei261EN); consult also the article about the Aico Carbon Monoxide alarms – the Ei260 series, the specifier’s first choice;
• Aico Ei261DENRC – Aico Ei261DENRC Carbon Monoxide Alarm With Rechargable Lithium Cell Back-Up and Display;
• Aico Ei225EN – Aico Ei225EN Mains Powered CO Alarm with pattress and test (Mains Powered Model: Ei225EN); consult also this article about the Aico Carbon Monoxide Alarms – the Contractor’s First Choice, Aico Ei225 series.

12. How do Ei CO Alarms conforming to BS EN 50291 give warning?
13. Can the alarms be interconnected?
14. Can I signal to other devices from a CO alarm?
15. Can I interconnect CO alarms to a smoke alarm system?
16. Do they meet the standards?
17. Do the CO alarms have back-up power?
18. Are the mains operated models Ei261ENRC and Ei261DENRC easy to fit?
19. Will I get false/nuisance alarms?
20. How often should they be tested, and do they have to be serviced?
21. How will I know if it is my CO alarm or my smoke alarm?
22. How long does the unit last?
23. What should I do when the alarm goes off?
24. How much electricity does a mains operated CO alarm use?
25. Will it detect other gases?
26. Can I use it instead of a smoke alarm?
27. Why are CO alarms more expensive than smoke alarms?

Question 12. How do Ei CO Alarms conforming to BS EN 50291 give warning?

When the CO Alarm detects potentially dangerous levels of CO, a red light on the cover will flash. The alarm will sound if the CO levels persist, or rise. The list below shows how the alarm reacts to different levels of CO and exposure.

(CO level in ppm – Red alarm light – Sounder operates)

• 50ppm – 1 flash every 2 seconds – Within 60 to 90 mins
• 100ppm – 2 flashes every second – Within 10 to 40 mins
• 300ppm – 4 flashes every second – Within 3 mins

The Aico Ei261DENRC will indicate the ppm CO detected (above 50ppm) on the digital display on the front panel of the alarm cover.

Question 13. Can the alarms be interconnected?

The Aico Ei Professional model Ei261ENRC and Ei261DENRC (mains operated with Rechargeable Lithium cells) can be interconnected to other Ei261ENRC and Ei261DENRC units so that when one senses CO, they will all alarm. Twelve units may be interconnected, but only the unit sensing CO will have its red light lit in order to identify the area in which CO was detected. We would recommend that when more than one CO alarm is installed in a property they should be interconnected.

Question 14. Can I signal to other devices from a CO alarm?

Yes, either an Aico Ei261ENRC or Ei261DENRC can be used with a remote relay model Ei128RBU (with Ei128COV cover), which is rated at 5 Amps. The relay can be used to switch shut off valves, sounders or strobes, or signal to other suitable remote devices as required. The relay has an optional pulse feature, which is suitable for signalling to Warden Call Systems widely used in Sheltered Housing Schemes.

Question 15. Can I interconnect CO alarms to a smoke alarm system?

There is merit in interconnecting CO and smoke/heat alarm systems, as it will improve audibility throughout the property. However, it is generally considered that interconnecting CO alarms into a smoke/heat alarm system is not good practice, as the actions that should be taken in the different emergencies are quite unique:

• If a fire occurs, you should keep doors and windows closed to contain the fire as much as possible.
• If a CO leak occurs, you should open all doors and windows to ventilate the area as much as possible – at the same time turning off the appliance/s from where CO leak is being emitted.

We believe that interconnection between the 2 types of systems may be considered if the user is able to determine which of the alarms has caused the system to operate (the smoke alarm or the CO alarm) so enabling them to make the correct decision on what action should be taken. The only foolproof method of achieving this is by having a means of silencing the remaining system i.e the alarms not actually sensing smoke or CO. The solution to this problem would be the addition of an Ei1529RC Alarm Control Switch into the system.

If any of the alarms in the system operate (CO, smoke or heat) it is only necessary to press ‘Locate’ on the Aico Ei1529RC switch. This will silence all alarms that are not actually sensing either CO, smoke or heat, enabling the user to quickly and easily identify which of the alarms is sounding. This gives complete control over the system allowing the occupant to take the safest action according to the problem identified. Additionally, if found to be a false alarm, simply press ‘Hush’ on the control switch to silence the alarm. The entire alarm system can also be tested regularly by pressing the ‘Test’ switch.

The Aico Ei261ENRC and the Aico Ei261DENRC CO alarms have an interconnect feature that allows them to be interconnected with any of the Ei160RC series smoke and heat alarms (Not RadioLINK models). Adding the Ei1529RC switch is a simple job, only requiring a 3 core connection from the alarm (smoke, heat or CO) closest to where the Ei1529RC switch is to be installed.

Question 16. Do they meet the standards?

All the Aico Ei CO alarms comply with BS EN50291: 2001 and they are Kitemarked to show that they have been third party tested to this standard.

Question 17. Do the CO alarms have back-up power?

The mains operated models Ei261ENRC and Ei261DENRC are supplied complete with sealed-in tamper proof Rechargeable Vanadium Pentoxide Lithium standby cells, designed to last at least 10 years without the need for replacement and can power the unit for a minimum of 30 days in the event of mains failure. The battery is monitored, and if it starts to become depleted (i.e. with mains off), or if it becomes defective, the unit beeps every 40 seconds.

Question 18. Are the mains operated models Aico Ei261ENRC and Aico Ei261DENRC easy to fit?

Yes, these models are supplied with an `Easi-fit` surface mounting plate, with integral terminal block and cable cover. The terminal block is permanently fitted to the mounting plate. The built-in battery connects as the unit is slid on to the plate. Conduit (up to 25 x 16mm) can be attached to the top or bottom of the unit for surface wiring. The units can be ceiling or wall mounted.

Question 19. Will I get false/nuisance alarms?

Every effort has been made to make the unit insensitive to normal household chemicals. However, units may go into alarm if cigarette smoke is deliberately blown into the unit, or if aerosols, paints or similar materials are used nearby. All Aico Ei CO alarms are fitted with a manual test/hush button which, when pressed, will silence low levels of CO gas for approximately 5 minutes. The unit will then automatically re-set to standby mode. For safety reasons the hush feature cannot over-ride an alarm caused by dangerously high levels of CO.

Question 20. How often should they be tested, and do they have to be serviced?

The CO alarm should be tested weekly by pressing the test button. The alarm may be cleaned externally with the narrow nozzle of a vacuum cleaner and wiped down with a damp cloth (disconnect the mains on Ei261ENRC / Ei261DENRC / Ei225EN models). The sensor may be tested annually in CO gas to ensure that it is fully operational. To simplify this process, all the Aico Ei CO alarms have a “quick test” feature. Pressing the test button causes the unit to sample for CO every 4 seconds so that when CO gas is injected into the sensor it will respond almost immediately with 3 short beeps. The alarm will automatically re-set to standby within 3 minutes. Apart from sensor replacement after 5 years (Ei261ENRC and Ei261DENRC only) no other servicing is required (see 22 below).

Question 21. How will I know if it is my CO alarm or my smoke alarm?

The Aico Ei range of Carbon Monoxide alarms have a distinctive on-off sound of 3 pulses, followed by a pause, as compared with a typical smoke alarm which has a rapid pulsing sound. In addition, when the CO alarm is detecting CO, the red light in the centre of the cover will flash.

Question 22. How long does the unit last?

The Carbon Monoxide alarms are sophisticated electronic devices with many parts, including the sensors, and will not last indefinitely. We recommend that the Aico Ei205ENA and AicoEi225EN models should be replaced after 5 years in operation. The mains operated models Aico Ei261ENRC and Aico Ei261DENRC are designed to last 10 years and have a replaceable sensor module,which we recommend be replaced after 5 years use. This simply requires the pulling out of the sensor module from the rear of the alarm and replacing with a new sensor module (Aico Ei261MEN) readily available at a modest cost.

Question 23. What should I do when the alarm goes off?

• Open the doors and windows to ventilate the area.
• Stop using the appliance; turn it off if possible.
• Evacuate the property leaving the doors and windows open.
• Ring your gas or other fuel supplier on their emergency number; keep the number in a prominent place.
• Do not re-enter the property until the alarm has stopped.
• Get medical help immediately for anyone suffering the effects of CO poisoning (headache, nausea) and advise that CO poisoning is suspected.
• Do not use the appliance again until it has been checked by an expert; in the case of gas appliances this must be a CORGI registered installer.

Question 24. How much electricity does a mains operated CO alarm use?

The Aico Ei261ENRC / Ei261DENRC / Ei225EN models use only one unit of electricity per week.

Question 25. Will it detect other gases?

The Aico Ei series of Carbon Monoxide alarms are precisely calibrated so that they will only detect CO gas. THEY WILL NOT detect the presence of natural gas (methane), propane, butane or other combustible gases/fuels. Therefore, a detector specific to the other gas, or gases, that may be present must be used in addition to the CO detector, as required.

Question 26. Can I use it instead of a smoke alarm?

No! The Carbon Monoxide alarms are not suitable as early warning fire alarms. Fire produces CO, however the measured response of the CO alarm could allow a fire to get out of control before it warned of danger. Smoke alarms must be fitted for protection against fire.

Question 27. Why are CO alarms more expensive than smoke alarms?

The technology used in the Aico Ei Carbon Monoxide alarms is much more complex and sophisticated than smoke alarm technology. Cheaper less sophisticated CO alarms are available, but they may not be as reliable and are commonly prone to false alarm.

Read the first part of the Aico FAQ on the Aico Carbon Monoxide Alarms (download this guide from Aico, or see the full list of questions here and here), the first 11 questions:

1. What is Carbon Monoxide?
2. Where does CO come from?
3. What are the symptoms of CO poisoning?
4. How big is the problem of CO poisoning?
5. How can I protect myself and my family from CO?
6. Why do I need a CO alarm?
7. I have no gas burning appliance in my house – do I need a CO alarm?
8. How does the Aico Ei range of CO alarms work?
9. Where should a CO alarm be sited?
10. How many CO alarms should I fit?
11. Why does the time for the horn to come on depend on the concentration of CO?

1. What is Carbon Monoxide?
2. Where does CO come from?
3. What are the symptoms of CO poisoning?
4. How big is the problem of CO poisoning?
5. How can I protect myself and my family from CO?
6. Why do I need a CO alarm?
7. I have no gas burning appliance in my house – do I need a CO alarm?
8. How does the Aico Ei range of CO alarms work?
9. Where should a CO alarm be sited?
10. How many CO alarms should I fit?
11. Why does the time for the horn to come on depend on the concentration of CO?

Question 1. What is Carbon Monoxide?

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is an invisible, odourless, tasteless and extremely toxic gas. It is absorbed by red blood cells in the lungs in preference to Oxygen – this results in rapid damage to the heart and brain from Oxygen starvation.

Question 2. Where does CO come from?

Carbon Monoxide is produced by appliances or vehicles powered by any fuel such as coal, oil, natural and bottled gas, paraffin, wood, petrol, diesel, charcoal, etc. Normally it is vented out of a building through chimneys or flues.
There are a variety of situations which can arise which may lead to CO filtering into the home instead of being vented into the outside atmosphere:

• A cracked heat exchanger on the gas central heating system
  This is a particularly dangerous source of CO, as leakage often tends to be very heavy. This problem can arise as a result of consumers not getting their appliance serviced every year and, in some cases, improper maintenance and servicing by the contractor hired to do the job. Disconnected, cracked, rusted or corroded flue pipe or vent In the UK, this is an area of great importance. Even in those homes that do have their central heating checked annually, flues and vents may not be adequately checked. If a flue cracks, CO will leak into the home. Many recent cases of CO poisoning have been as a result of poorly installed flues.
• Blocked chimney, vent or flue
  This is an area of crucial concern as inadequate ventilation is the main cause of Oxygen starvation, increasing the levels of CO. It is a subject that has been researched by the Gas Consumers Council (GCC), now Energy Watch. Two million complaints were recorded over a five year period and it was the most common gas consumer complaint. Research reveals that poor construction, quality control standards and ignorance are to blame.
• Improper appliance installation
  Instances of this have occurred recently; improper appliance installation resulted in a fatality and,when investigated, it was revealed that the Council concerned had used the same contractor to fit over 2,000 of the same gas units, all of which were subsequently found to have been incorrectly installed.
• Reverse stacking
  Any of the above problems with appliances may result in the occurrence of reverse stacking. This arises with appliances which distribute air through air ducts into all parts of the home. If the ventilation process is inhibited for whatever reason, when the appliance draws in air to burn gas, CO will also be drawn in, resulting in it being circulated through air ducts to all parts of the home.
• Backdrafting
  With an increase in the number of devices which extract the air from the home, e.g. bathroom extractor fans and kitchen vents, in conjunction with the more energy efficient homes, a negative pressure situation may occur within a home. This results in a reverse in the airflow spilling CO into the living area. The severity of CO emissions in the home will often be exacerbated in new energy efficient homes, particularly where double glazing has been installed. This removes the draughts so often associated with older properties where a natural ventilation system existed.
• Appliances without flues
  Some appliances do not have flues, for example gas cookers. These can cause CO poisoning particularly if used for long periods e.g. to heat a room.

Question 3. What are the symptoms of CO poisoning?

Heavy doses of CO will cause a person to collapse and die within minutes. Lesser doses can cause headaches, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and flu like symptoms. The symptoms of poisoning vary depending on the level of absorption by the human body. While most people are aware that high levels of CO are harmful, it is less well known that the length of exposure is also important. A relatively low level of CO for a long period can cause the same symptoms as a high level of CO for a short period. The list below shows the concentration of CO measured in parts per million and the time taken for symptoms to develop. A major problem is that the symptoms of CO poisoning – headaches, dizziness, nausea – can easily be confused with other illnesses, particularly colds or flu. Consequently, the medical profession is often not able to readily identify the true cause of the problem until it’s too late.

Effects of Cumulative CO Exposure

CO Parts per Million (ppm) / Inhalation Time (approx.) & Symptoms Developed

• 35ppm – The maximum allowable concentration for continuous exposure in any 8 hr period according to Occupation Safety & Health Association
• 150ppm – Slight headache after 11/2 hrs
• 200ppm – Slight headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea after 2-3 hrs
• 400ppm – Frontal headache within 1-2 hrs, life threatening after 3 hrs, also maximum ppm in flue gas (on air free basis) according to US Environmental Protection Agency
• 800ppm – Dizziness, nausea and convulsions within 45 minutes. Unconsciousness within 2 hrs. Death within 2-3 hrs
• 1,600ppm – Headache, dizziness and nausea within 20 minutes. Death within 1 hr
• 3,200ppm – Headache, dizziness and nausea within 5-10 minutes. Death within 25-30 minutes
• 6,400ppm – Headache, dizziness and nausea within 1-2 minutes. Death within 10-15 minutes
• 12,800ppm – Death within 1-3 minutes

Question 4. How big is the problem of CO poisoning?

It is a regrettable situation that the number of people killed or injured by accidental CO poisoning is unknown. Hospitals stopped recording incidents some time ago, but the last estimate was 200 deaths per year, with an unknown number of non-fatal occurrences.

Research undertaken in 1994 in a sample of 250 homes, showed that 10% of households had a higher level of CO than would normally be expected. On a national scale, this could mean that as many as 2 million homes have CO levels higher than the minimum safe level. More recent research, January 2006 by UCL, found that 18% of the homes surveyed had CO levels that exceeded the World Health Organisation guidelines.

Another interesting point revealed in research was that over half of all the people interviewed thought that CO had a smell, which would be quickly recognised and alert the residents that there was a danger present in the home. Also, the residents of over 35% of the homes visited admitted that they had not had appliances serviced in 3 years.
After the above findings, it was decided to carry out further research by interviewing doctors to give their likely diagnosis of patients presenting symptoms of headaches, dizziness and nausea. It was interesting to learn that many possible diagnoses were given but not one doctor interviewed, suggested CO poisoning.

When the doctors were asked, in the event of a patient persistently complaining of the above symptoms, would a carboxyhaemoglobin test be carried out, nearly all of the doctors said “No” and most of them being questioned were unsure at what level of carboxyhaemoglobin flu like symptoms start to occur.

The most recent activity regarding CO safety has been the publication of a report by the House of Commons All Party Parliamentary Gas Safety Group in September 2006. The report titled “Shouting about a silent killer, Raising carbon monoxide awareness” has raised serious questions concerning the dangers of CO poisoning in the home. Excerpts from the report:

• Too many people continue to be harmed or even killed as a result of this entirely preventable problem.
• One death from CO poisoning is one too many.
• Improving CO detection by emergency workers and increasing the number of reliable CO detectors in the home is key to the fight to tackle CO poisoning incidents.
• Every home should have a CO detector with an audible alarm.
• We call on mortgage and insurance companies to investigate whether requiring all homes to have such an alarm should be part of granting a mortgage or insurance cover.
• The HSE has an important role to play. We press the HSE to introduce a zero-fatality target on CO poisoning.
• Stacy Rogers (Dominic Rogers Trust) proposed that CO alarms should be a mandatory requirement for all rented accommodation.

Question 5. How can I protect myself and my family from CO?

Install CO detectors and test regularly to make all family members familiar with their distinctive sound. Make everyone aware of the symptoms of CO poisoning. Have all appliances serviced regularly, ensure that air vents are not blocked.

Question 6. Why do I need a CO alarm?

Many people are killed each year, and many more suffer ill health from CO poisoning. If the CO is not correctly vented due to a leaking or blocked chimney or a faulty heating appliance, dangerous levels of CO can build up inside the home instead of being vented outside. People are most vulnerable whilst asleep or nodding off by their fireside.

Question 7. I have no gas burning appliance in my house – do I need a CO alarm?

Gas appliances, although a major risk if not maintained properly or given adequate ventilation, are not the only source of CO. Other appliances burning solid fuel, bottled gas, paraffin, wood, petrol, diesel, charcoal etc. also produce CO gas.

Question 8. How does the Aico Ei range of CO alarms work?

There are different types of CO sensors which, because they work in different ways, have different characteristics. All Aico Ei CO alarms use a new generation proven electrochemical cell type sensor. This sensor type has a low power requirement well suited for use in a battery powered alarm in order to avoid frequent battery replacement. The electrochemical sensor works by catalytic action in direct proportion to the amount of CO present. It has a minimum 5 year life expectancy with good immunity to contaminant gases.

Question 9. Where should a CO alarm be sited?

The BS EN 50292 Code of Practice (COP),which is a guide to selection, installation, use and maintenance of CO alarms, states “it is not possible to give specific guidance on the exact location of a CO detector”. However, it does say that, where the CO alarm is located in the same room as the apparatus, if the CO alarm is mounted on the ceiling (our preferred position) it should be at least 300mm from any wall. We would add the recommendation that there should also be 300mm between the CO alarm and any other form of obstruction e.g. a light fitting. The COP goes on to say that if the CO alarm is mounted on the wall, it should be at least 150mm from the ceiling, but above the height of any door or window. Whether ceiling or wall mounting, the CO alarm should be between 1m and 3m (measured horizontally) from the potential source of CO.

The CO alarm should not be installed:

• In an enclosed space e.g. a cupboard
• Where it can be obstructed e.g. by furniture
• Directly above a sink
• Next to a door, window, extractor fan, air vent or similar ventilation openings
• Where the temperature may drop below – 5ºC or exceed 40ºC

Question 10. How many CO alarms should I fit?

The BS EN 50292 guide recommends that, ideally, you should have a detector in every room that contains a fuel burning appliance. However, if you have more than one appliance, but only one detector, you should consider the following priority areas when deciding where best to put the detector: rooms containing a flue-less or open-flued appliance; rooms where the occupants spend most time; rooms in which the appliance is most used. The guide further suggests that you should consider fitting CO alarms, or repeaters in other areas where there is no appliance but the occupants spend considerable time and may not hear an alarm sited elsewhere in the property. These areas could include sitting rooms and bedrooms. In these areas wall mounting at normal breathing height is suggested as the more appropriate siting position.

Question 11. Why does the time for the horn to come on depend on the concentration of CO?

The micro-chip in the unit calculates the toxic level of CO gas/exposure time in a similar way to the human body. Warnings are given for both high CO levels for short periods, and lower CO levels for longer periods. It will ignore brief exposures which do not have any harmful effect.

Read the second part of this CO Q&A (read all the FAQ, or download the pdf guide from Aico) to find out more about the next set of questions related to the Carbon Monoxide Alarms(buy Aico CO alarms online):

12. How do Ei CO Alarms conforming to BS EN 50291 give warning?
13. Can the alarms be interconnected?
14. Can I signal to other devices from a CO alarm?
15. Can I interconnect CO alarms to a smoke alarm system?
16. Do they meet the standards?
17. Do the CO alarms have back-up power?
18. Are the mains operated models Ei261ENRC and Ei261DENRC easy to fit?
19. Will I get false/nuisance alarms?
20. How often should they be tested, and do they have to be serviced?
21. How will I know if it is my CO alarm or my smoke alarm?
22. How long does the unit last?
23. What should I do when the alarm goes off?
24. How much electricity does a mains operated CO alarm use?
25. Will it detect other gases?
26. Can I use it instead of a smoke alarm?
27. Why are CO alarms more expensive than smoke alarms?

In the range of the Aico Carbon Monoxide Alarms, the Contractor’s First Choice are the Mains Powered & Battery CO Alarms For Owner Occupied Properties  – the Aico Ei225 series

The Aico Ei225 Series of Carbon Monoxide alarms are designed to provide reliable mains powered CO detection. Using the same proven CO sensor as the Aico Ei260 series, the unit is designed with performance in mind. Useful and practical features such as the built in pattress with integral terminal block and CO gas quick-test feature ensure straightforward installation and testing.

The Aico Ei225 Series – Mains Powered Alarm

The Aico Ei225EN

• Proven Electrochemical Cell CO sensor module, minimum 5 year life;
• Kitemarked to BS EN 50291: 2001;
• Automatic self diagnostics;
• Easy to use test/hush button;
• Distinctive alarm sound is easily distinguishable from a smoke/heat alarm;
• Pre alarm warning – alarm LED will flash;
• Memory feature – indicates last recorded CO level;
• Quick CO gas test feature – saves time and money;
• LED indicators for power, CO level and fault status conditions;
• Built-in pattress with integral terminal block and surface wiring knockout;
• Fixing kit included;
• Full technical specification sheet available on request;
• 5 year guarantee;
• Buy online the Aico Ei225EN, part of the Ei225 series, mains powered Aico Carbon Monoxide Alarms.

The Aico Ei220 Series – DIY Mains Only With Pre-wired Lead & Plug

The Aico Ei220EN

• 3-pin plug with 2.5m pre-wired cable;
• Automatic self diagnostics;
• Easy to use test/hush button;
• Distinctive alarm sound;
• Pre-alarm warning – alarm LED will flash;
• Memory feature – indicates last recorded CO level;
• LED indicators for power, CO level and fault status conditions;
• Buy online the Aico Ei220EN, part of the Aico Ei220 series, mains powered Aico Carbon Monoxide Alarms.

The Aico Ei205 Series – DIY Battery Only

The Aico Ei205ENA

• 3 x AA Alkaline Batteries – sealed in unit designed to last for the lifetime of the alarm;
• Automatic self diagnostics;
• Easy to use test/hush button;
• Distinctive alarm sound;
• Pre-alarm warning – alarm LED will flash;
• Memory feature – indicates last recorded CO level;
• LED indicators for power, CO level and fault status conditions;
• Buy online the Aico Ei205 (CO215 our code), Aico Ei series with battery only.

Concerning the Aico CO alarms, read more about the Specifier’s First choice, or more details about the CO alarms(fire-detect.co.uk). Don’t forget: the Carbon Monoxide Alarms can be found at the Fire and Security – Domestic Fire Alarms, and for more info consult the CO alarms from Aico page, the Innovative design/main features of the CO alarms, or the CO alarms explained. These advices from Aico can also be found online here.

The Aico Carbon Monoxide alarms, the Aico Ei260 Series are the Specifier’s First Choice Mains Powered Alarms, With 10Yr+ Rechargeable Lithium Cells & Replaceable CO Sensor

The Aico Ei260 Series of Carbon Monoxide alarms are the highest specification units, designed to meet the most demanding requirements of a domestic installation in terms of reliability, longevity and performance. With sealed-in rechargeable cell back-up, a reliable power supply is virtually assured as casual removal of the battery is not possible. With useful and practical features such as the Easi-fit style mounting plate, CO gas quick-test feature and Remote Control functionality, installation, testing and control has never been easier!

Read more about the Aico Ei261ENRC, Aico Ei261DENRC, their interconnection, and the ancillary products.

Carbon Monoxide Alarm – Aico Ei261ENRC

• Mains with 10Yr+ rechargeable lithium cell back-up
• Remote Control functionality
• Electrochemical CO sensor module, 5-6 year life
• Sensor is replaceable to double product life
• Kitemarked to BS EN 50291: 2001
• Automatic self diagnostics
• Easy to use test/hush button
• Distinctive alarm sound is easily distinguishable from a smoke/heat alarm
• Pre-alarm warning – alarm LED will flash if CO level is rising
• Interconnect feature – for use with other Ei260 series alarms and Ei128RBU relay module with Ei128COV cover
• Quick CO gas test feature – essential when testing with CO gas canisters
• LED indicators give accurate information on power, CO level and fault status conditions
• Full technical specification sheet available on request(contact us)
• 5 year guarantee on the complete unit and sensor module

Aico Carbon Monoxide Alarms – Aico Ei261DENRC

• The same high performance features as the Ei261ENRC model with the added feature of a built-in easy to read digital display
• Displays the current CO level in ppm (parts per million)
• Operating the test button will also activate the memory feature and the digital display will show the previous maximum CO level sensed
• Full technical specification sheet available on request(contact us).

Why Rechargeable Vanadium Pentoxide Lithium Cells?

The 10Yr+ rechargeable lithium back-up used in the Aico Ei260 series alarms provides the highest performance and most reliable back-up coverage. The precision charging circuit ensures peak efficiency as the cells are constantly ‘topped-up’ from the mains. Laser welded terminals further enhance reliability. They outperform the alkaline and lithium primary batteries currently used in other alarms.
In addition, they are the only cells with a realistic 10 year life expectancy – confirmed by the manufacturer, Panasonic.

Interconnect & Remote Control Feature

Models Ei261ENRC & Ei261DENRC

The Problem
Audibility throughout the home is a priority, as a situation could arise where a CO alarm is installed in a downstairs kitchen, which has a fossil fuel burning appliance within it, and the alarm signal may not be heard in the upstairs bedrooms or indeed other rooms.

The Solution!
Use the interconnect feature on the Aico Ei261ENRC/Ei261DENRC to connect to your existing Ei160RC smoke/heat alarm installation. Then, you must introduce an Ei1529RC Alarm Control Switch to provide control over the whole system.
The interconnect feature allows the CO alarm to trigger all Ei160RC mains smoke/heat alarms installed and vice-versa – giving increased audibility in either a CO or fire situation. If all alarms are sounding, pressing ‘Locate’ on the Aico Ei1529RC Alarm Control Switch will silence all the alarms except the alarm sensing a CO or fire situation. This gives control over the system and allows occupants to select the safest action and/or escape route.
Additionally, if found to be a false alarm, simply press ‘Hush’ on the Control Switch to silence the alarm. The entire alarm system can also be tested regularly by pressing the ‘Test’ switch(see the diagram below).

Ancillary Options For the Aico Ei260 Series

Ei128RBU Relay

• Internal 5 Amp relay with Volt-free ‘clean’ contacts
• Contacts rated to 240V AC
• Mains operated
• 10yr+ rechargeable cell back-up
• For use with Ei128COV cover to enable remote siting
• Switchable pulse or continuous output options
• Battery back-up allows contacts to switch even if mains power supply fails
• For use with Ei260 Series alarms only

SAB300 Strobe

• Xenon beacon
• Mains operated
• 3W Xenon tube, 0.9Hz flash rate
• For connection through an Ei128RBU relay
• Available with clear (‘C’) or red (‘R’) lens (add suffix to product code)
• Integral mounting base

GSV415SA Gas Solenoid Valve

• Mains operated
• For connection through an Ei128RBU relay
• Closes internal valve when mains is applied
• Push button reset
• 1/2 “ internal parallel pipe thread to ISO7-1

Aico Ei261MEN & Ei261M Replacement Sensor Module

• Simple plug-in installation
• Doubles life cycle of the product
• ‘Ei261MEN’ to suit models Ei261ENRC/Ei261DENRC/Ei261DEN/Ei261EN
• ‘Ei261M’ to suit models Ei261D/Ei261

Ei1529RC Alarm Control Switch

• Wall mounted
• Supplied with surface box, can be flush mounted using a standard 35mm deep electrical socket box.
• Can be fitted anywhere in the system
• For use when interconnecting Ei160RC smoke/heat alarms with Ei260 Series CO alarms
• Allows Alarm Test, Hush, Locate and Mains Check functions

Don’t forget: the Carbon Monoxide Alarms can be found at the Fire and Security – Domestic Fire Alarms, and for more info consult the CO alarms from Aico page, the Innovative design/main features of the CO alarms, or the CO alarms explained. These advices from Aico can also be found online here.

From Aico, Fire / Smoke / Heat /CO alarms manufacturer for the domestic use: Innovative Design And Practical Features – Some of the Key Features of the Aico Ei Carbon Monoxide (CO) Alarms

1. Complete Visual Information

Three separate indicating LED’s provide visual information: healthy mains supply, CO level sensed/alarm status, and if a fault is detected during the unit’s integral self-test.
The alarm LED varies its rate of flash depending upon the CO level sensed – giving further information on any dangerous levels of CO. Operating the test button will also activate the memory feature and the LED will indicate the previous maximum CO level sensed. In the picture on the right: the Aico Ei261DEN model with easy to read digital display is available.

2. Kite marked to BS EN 50291:2001

All Aico Ei Carbon Monoxide alarms carry the British Standards Institute Kite mark to indicate that they have been 3rd party tested, by BSI, to BS EN 50291:2001. This replaces the previous BS 7860:1996 and is a more demanding standard. The main change to the standard is a lowering to the CO triggering levels combined with new time/response limits to protect more vulnerable people groups and alleviate false alarms.

3. Rechargeable Lithium Cells used in Ei261EN & Ei261DEN Models

High performance rechargeable vanadium pentoxide lithium cells are used in the Aico Ei261EN & Aico Ei261DEN alarms and offer the most effective and reliable back-up power, giving a true 10Yr+ life.

As the cells are rechargeable, they obviate the need for battery replacement – saving both time and money. Also, due to them being an integral part of the internal circuitry, any possible casual removal is prevented.

4. Easi-fit Mounting Plate (Ei261EN & Ei261DEN)

The Easi-fit mounting plate included with Ei260 series alarms has a built-in connector block with large, clearly marked ‘Easi-see, Easi-connect’ wiring connections to make wiring as simple as possible. Due to the unique design, no extra pattress or mounting box is required, saving valuable time and money.

5. Replaceable CO Sensor (Ei261EN & Ei261DEN)

33% cost saving over the life cycle of comparable products

All CO sensors have a limited life of 5/6 years. But, the unique replaceable sensor module on the Aico Ei261EN & Aico Ei261DEN alarms doubles the life cycle of the product. This simple to carry out process gives a significant cost saving and eliminates any inconvenience in time spent changing the entire unit.

Proven Electrochemical Cell Sensor coupled with sophisticated electronics provides high quality detection and reliability. Calibrated in CO gas during manufacture, accuracy is assured.

6. Reliable, Proven Sounder

Giving an output of 85dB(A) at 3m, the alarm signal is loud. The piezo disc sounder element is securely held with silicone mastic to prevent creepage and premature failure. Soldered contacts on the disc further improve reliability when compared to more commonly used pressure contacts, which can be prone to failure due to corrosion and arcing.

7. Quick Test Feature (All Models)

Operating the Test button activates the quick CO gas test feature. The unit will then sample for CO 4 seconds later and give an audible and visual warning if CO is sensed – saving time and money particularly when testing units in a large number of properties.

8. Memory Feature (All Models)

The Test/Hush button provides a quick, easy means of both testing the alarm and controlling any false alarms. Operating the Test button also activates the alarm level memory feature. The last recorded CO level will be shown – through Alarm LED flash rate or digital display (Aico Ei261DEN only).

More features – product specifications(compare Aico Ei261DEN with Aico Ei261EN and Aico Ei225EN and AIco Ei295ENA)

Sensor Replacement

Removal
Insert a screwdriver into the removal slot – releasing the tamper- resistant clip – and slide the alarm off. The cable cover ensures that the mains cables are not exposed

Sensor Replacement
Slide the alarm off the mounting plate and pull out the sensor module using the exterior tab.
Then simply push the new sensor module in and slide the alarm back on the mounting plate.

Buy online Aico CO alarms – at the Domestic Fire Alarms section, the Aico Carbon Monoxide alarms. These features presented here can also be found on the manufacturer’s page here. Read more articles about the Fire alarms here, or consult our website – fire-detect.co.uk.

Have you ever wondered how do Carbon Monoxide Alarms work? Aico introduces the technology they use in the Aico Ei series of CO alarms.

The Electrochemical Cell – Provides effective and responsive, long term detection

1. Carbon Monoxide enters the sensor through a gas diffusion hole. A Graphite filter prevents any external contaminants from entering. A Platinum sensing electrode catalyses the oxidation of the CO.
2. Combining with the water present in the electrolyte, this reaction causes the voltage to rise. Consequently, a small current flows between the two electrodes.
3. This output is directly proportional to the amount of CO gas present. The microchip in the unit activates the horn/LED/display to give a warning applicable to the CO level sensed.

Locating and Positioning CO Alarms

Where should CO Alarms be located?

BS EN 50292 the code of practice for the selection, installation, use and maintenance of domestic CO alarms, recommends the following location for CO Alarms:

• Install an Aico CO Alarm in all rooms where there is a fuel burning appliance;
• If there is more than one appliance, but only one CO Alarm is to be installed, the following priority list is recommended:

1. Rooms containing a flue-less or open-flued appliance;
2. Rooms where occupants spend most time;
3. Rooms in which the appliance is most used;
4. If the dwelling is a bedsit the CO alarm should be positioned away from the appliance, but close to the sleeping area.

CO Alarms should not be located:

• In an enclosed space e.g a cupboard;
• Where it can be obstructed;
• Directly above a sink;
• Next to a door or window;
• Next to an extractor fan or vent;
• Where dirt & dust may block the sensor;
• In a damp or humid location;
• In the immediate vicinity of a cooking appliance.

When only one CO Alarm is to be fitted, audibility of the sounder may be a problem in other areas of the property.

Where should CO Alarms be positioned?

CEILING MOUNTING

The preferred position is in rooms containing a fuel burning appliance, more exactly:

• 1-3m horizontally from the appliance;
• At least 300mm from any wall and obstructions (e.g. light fitting);

Wall Mounting Option

• 1-3m horizontally from appliance;
• 150mm vertically down from ceiling;
• Above the height of any doors or windows;

Buy online CO alarms – Carbon Monoxide detectors – at the Domestic Fire Alarms, Aico CO Alarms. Aico’s answer to the Carbon Monoxide Reliable Detection is calibration – read the article; find out more about the Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, and discover the Aico CO(Carbon Monoxide) Alarms range – online.

In this short article, Aico explains how Thorough Calibration is The Answer to Reliable Carbon Monoxide Detection.

The Aico Ei CO alarms made to exceed BS EN 50291: 2001 – Precise and reliable calibration is now even more important

The BS EN 50291 British and European Standard for CO Alarms requires a much lower trigger level than the previous BS 7860, which it supersedes. This is designed to give added protection to the more vulnerable members of society: the very young and the elderly. However, this can mean that nuisance alarm from very low levels of CO can occur if the sensor is not very accurately calibrated. To minimise this risk:

• Prior to alarm assembly every Aico Ei CO sensor is independently calibrated at the factory in CO gas
• After alarm assembly every Aico Ei CO Alarm is further tested in CO gas at the factory

These facts, coupled with sustained levels of quality throughout the manufacturing process ensure the very highest standard of reliability and immunity from nuisance alarm.

Comprehensive Precision Calibration and Testing at 5 stages of the Manufacturing Process

1. Step 1: Sensors mounted on bespoke calibration circuits are loaded into the CO enclosure, where the CO gas exposure program can be run.
2. Step 2: As the CO gas exposure program is run, the sensors are subject to precise CO levels for set times with each sensor’s individual response being recorded by the calibration circuitry
3. Step 3: Once recorded, the sensors are loaded into a custom interface to extract data on each individual sensor’s response.
4. Step 4: The sensors are analysed and are grouped according to their response. Each group is then installed into a specifically calibrated circuit within the alarm, ensuring that all alarms accurately respond when subjected to CO gas.
5. Step 5: Following assembly, all finished alarms are functionally checked for response and accuracy in CO gas before despatch.

Nominal Time to Alarm & % COHb

* When CO is inhaled, it combines with the haemoglobin in the blood to form Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb). The CO displaces the oxygen attached to the haemoglobin and as such causes oxygen starvation throughout various parts of the body.

BS EN 50291:2001 requires CO Alarms to trigger before the %COHb in a typical user has risen above approx 5 % COHb at low CO levels, such as 50 ppm CO. At higher levels, such as 300 ppm CO, the alarms must trigger before the level in a typical user has risen above 2 %COHb. The effects of COHb vary from one person to another, people at most risk are the elderly, the very young, pregnant women and those whose health is already compromised. The adjacent chart shows that the level of CO present over a period of time increases the %COHb and that Aico Ei CO alarms respond well before a dangerous %COHb level is reached. However, it should be noted that people with heart disease and other associated illnesses may suffer harmful effects even at low COHb levels.

It is recommended therefore to install the CO alarms in the premises of your home, for the protection of your health & your family’s health. Please consult the article concerning the Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and our offer of CO alarms from Aico – domestic Fire alarms, in the Fire and Security section. For more information visit the Fire-Detect.co.uk website, the Carbon Monoxide Alarms page, or the articles introducing the CO alarms from Aico and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning – the landlord’s responsibility.

1. What is RadioLINK?
2. Which Aico Smoke/Heat alarms can be used with RadioLINK?
3. Do I have to wire the alarms at all?
4. What benefit is there in RadioLINK if I still have to connect the to the mains?
5. How can the alarms interconnect without a cable connection?
6. Will interference from other RF devices be a problem?
7. Will security systems and car alarms affect the smoke alarm system?
8. How far will the radio signal travel?
9. If all the alarms can interlink how can I stop the next door sounding the ones in my house?
10. Can you use RadioLINK to interconnect between as well as within properties?
11. How will I know if the RF interconnect line has failed?
12. Are the RadioLINK units kitemarked to BS 5446:Pt.1?
13. To which standards does the Ei168RC conform?
14. Is RadioLINK suitable for use in all properties?
15. How many alarms can be interconnected using RadioLINK?
16. Is there any method of controlling a RadioLINK system?
17. BS 5839: Pt.6: says that all alarms must be on one final circuit. Will RadioLINK comply with this?
18. Can the smoke alarms be connected on different phases of the mains supply?

1. What is RadioLINK?

RadioLINK It is a totally new concept enabling smoke alarm systems to be interconnected without the need for cabling between the alarms. Instead, a radio signal is used to trigger all the alarms in the system.

2. Which alarms can be used with RadioLINK?

The Aico Ei141, Aico Ei144, Aico Ei146, Aico Ei161RC, Aico Ei164RC and Aico Ei166RC smoke and heat alarms can all be used with an Aico Ei168 base to make a RadioLINK system. These all require a mains supply to them. The Ei405 and Ei405TY are battery operated alarms, these contain all the RF components and do not require the use of an Ei168RC base.

3. Do I have to wire the alarms at all?

The Aico Ei168RC RadioLINK base requires a mains supply to each of the alarms in the system. The power supply can be taken from any convenient light pendant, with a permanent live feed, to where the alarm is to be sited. The Ei405 and Ei405TY don’t require any cabling as they are battery powered, but they will not be suitable for use in new build and most tenanted properties.

4. What benefit is there in RadioLINK if I still have to connect the to the mains?

There are significant savings to be made, mainly in time, but also in materials.

• There is no need to feed the wiring from one alarm to another. This can be very time consuming and can cause problems with tenants not wanting to have trunking running up walls and across ceilings. There is no need to lift floorboards either. Both of these points mean that damage claims to floors, carpets and decoration are minimised, if not eliminated.
• Less cable and trunking is required so further reducing costs.

5. How can the alarms interconnect without a cable connection?

A radio signal is sent when the test button is pressed, or the alarm senses smoke. This is received by all the RadioLINK alarms in the system and they will also sound.

6. Will interference from other RF devices be a problem?

The frequency and duration of the RF signal used by the Aico Ei RadioLINK system meets strict European guidelines. These are designed to virtually eliminate interference. Interference cannot be completely ruled out but it is our experience that hard wired cable connections are far more likely to be affected by interference than RadioLINK will be. There have been problems with doorbells using RF causing interference with other doorbells of the same type. These problems were mainly due to there being only a few codes available that the user could choose from. This made it very easy to select a code that was used by a neighbour. The consequence was that when one doorbell was pressed, a number of them sounded! This cannot happen with RadioLINK because each alarm base has a unique code that is set at the factory. The code cannot be repeated so interference is eliminated.

7. Will security systems and car alarms affect the smoke alarm system?

Security systems may use the same frequency as the RadioLINK but they will normally be on a different band and/or be restricted to using the channel for 1% of the time, for a maximum of 4 seconds at any one time. Also, the unique code used by RadioLINK units means that interference is a very remote possibility. Car alarms and mobile phones use a completely different frequency so interference is not possible from either of these. Television remote controls mostly use infra-red, which cannot affect the RadioLINK system.

8. How far will the radio signal travel?

The radio signal can travel a very long way if there are no obstructions to block it – 250 metres or more. But, it is more relevant to consider the practical application of RadioLINK where there will be walls, ceilings and many other obstructions to impede the radio signal path. In the vast majority of properties,where there will be 2 or 3 alarms, the signal from a RadioLINK unit will be more than adequate. In fact, it is quite probable that the radio signal will transmit well beyond the limits of the property. This is a very important reason why the alarms in a property must be ‘House Coded’ – see question 9.

9. If all the alarms can interlink how can I stop the next door sounding the ones in my house?

Simply House Code each separate system of alarms. In this way they cannot cause nearby alarms to sound. ‘House Coding’ takes a matter of minutes after installation of all the alarms in the system and can be easily undertaken by anyone following the instructions supplied with the product.

10. Can you use RadioLINK to interconnect between as well as within properties?

Yes, this is a big advantage in blocks of flats and HMO’s. In ordinary hard-wired installations it is necessary to cross property boundaries with mains cable in order to interlink the alarms (and provide the mains power). This could pose an electrical safety risk if people working in the dwelling were unaware that there are 2 mains power supplies to the property. With RadioLINK each alarm in the system can be connected to a local power supply, the interconnect signal is provided by the radio signal, therefore overcoming this risk. In flats and HMO’s where interconnection between dwellings is not required, but a connection to the communal areas is (for early warning purposes), it is easy to provide a simple, yet effective system. Simply, ‘House Code’ the alarms in each flat separately and then ‘House Code’ the alarms in the communal areas with say a heat alarm in the individual dwellings. In this way, if a nuisance alarm should occur within one of the dwellings it will not affect the other residents. However, if a real fire has occurred, the heat alarm in the dwelling will operate the communal system – and all other dwellings – when sufficient heat has been generated.

11. How will I know if the RF interconnect line has failed?

How do you know if a hard wired cable connection has failed or not? There is a much greater chance that damage will occur to a cable than there is that the RF signal will fail. Cables can be disconnected, a nail can be put through them, or rodents gnaw through them. An RF interconnect cannot be affected by any of these. The only effective method of checking that the RF interconnect link is operating is by pressing the test button on the alarms and checking that they all sound. This is also the only way that you can check a hard-wired interconnect.

12. Are the RadioLINK units kitemarked to BS 5446:Pt.1?

BS 5446: Pt.1 is the standard that smoke alarms should be Kitemarked to. As the Ei405 and Ei405TY are smoke alarms, they have been 3rd Party tested and Kitemarked to this standard. The Ei168RC RadioLINK base is not a smoke alarm; it is a base that a smoke alarm is attached to. Consequently, this standard is not applicable to the Ei168RC.

13. To which standards does the Ei168RC conform?

The Ei168RC is CE marked to demonstrate conformance to BS EN 60065:1998 (Electrical safety), EN 300220-1 V1.3.1 (2000-09) (RF performance), EN 301489 VI.4.1 (2002-08) (EMC) and has been 3rd party tested for electrical safety in accordance with Annex K of BS 5446: Pt.1: 2000.

14. Is RadioLINK suitable for use in all properties?

The simple answer is yes! But it is easier to justify the additional cost when retro fitting smoke alarms as this is where surface trunking often has to be used. Cable is relatively cheap and easy to install in new build properties without the need for trunking so the extra cost may not be a viable proposition. However, some new build properties have concrete ceilings and this may mean that surface wiring via trunking will still be necessary. In these applications the use of RadioLINK could play a useful role. Other applications could include:

• Individual dwellings within a block of flats or HMO’s. We would not recommend interconnecting individual dwellings together as nuisance alarm could cause considerable aggravation to other occupiers. But,many enforcing authorities insist that this is done. RadioLink allows this without the need to cross boundaries with mains cable, so potentially creating an electrical safety risk. In addition, separation of dwellings and communal areas is possible yet still allowing a warning to be given throughout the building via RadioLink.
• Connection of remote areas to a central smoke alarm system avoiding the need to run cable for extended distances.
• Allows existing systems installed without a hard wired interconnect to be connected, avoiding the need for a complete rewire.
• Existing hard wired systems can use RadioLink to extend the system into additional rooms or areas without all the extra wiring and disruption this may cause.

15. How many alarms can be interconnected using RadioLINK?

Technically, up to 30 alarms can be interconnected but the limiting factor is likely to be due to distance between alarms and obstructions that may block the radio signal. In most domestic properties a realistic maximum number of alarms would be 12.

16. Is there any method of controlling a RadioLINK system?

A fixed wall switch, Ei411H, is available. This allows Test, Hush and Locate features to be incorporated into a RadioLINK system without having to reach up to the smoke alarms. The switch is the same size as a normal light switch and is powered by a Lithium cell having a realistic 10 year life. This means that the switch is easily installed, as it does not require any wiring, the signals to the alarms being transmitted by a radio link. A Manual Call Point, Ei407, is available for use in larger installations. This also has the benefits of a Lithium cell power supply and no wiring connection being required. In applications where a relay is required to signal to other devices the Ei428 is available; this is mains operated, but has a rechargeable Lithium cell back-up supply to ensure that it is operational even in a mains failure. This is an essential requirement when signalling to Warden Call Systems. The unit is supplied with a cover to enable it is to be sited at any convenient position within the property.

17. BS 5839: Pt.6: says that all alarms must be on one final circuit. Will RadioLINK comply with this?

BS 5839: Pt.6: 2004 recognises the benefits of radio communication in the note to Clause 15.5 dealing with power supply requirements for smoke alarms, thus: “This recommendation [for a single final circuit] does not apply if the form of interconnection is not capable of conducting current, e.g. if the means of interconnection compromises radio communication rather than wiring”. Building Regulations Document B (England & Wales) allows the use of a radio link between alarms under section 1.21. The Building Regulations in Scotland and Northern Ireland currently make no reference of a radio link, but it is considered that the new recommendations of BS 5839: Pt.6: 2004 would be an acceptable means of meeting the requirements of both documents.

18. Can the smoke alarms be connected on different phases of the mains supply?

Yes, the individual smoke alarms and RF bases are not electrically connected so a phase difference will not affect them. The only connection between the alarms and bases is by a radio signal.

To know more about the Aico Smoke and Heat alarms, consult the Aico Fire Alarms FAQ, part 1 and part 2 (or on sparksdirect blog). To view our full offer of Aico Smoke Alarms, Aico Heat Alarms, Aico Ionisation Alarms, Aico Optical Alarms, and Aico CO Alarms, visit the Domestic Fire Alarms section at Fire and Security category on our website.

17. What cable do I need for the Aico Mains connections and where should the supply be taken from?
18. What cable do I need for the interconnect line?
19. How do I mount the Aico Alarms on the ceiling?
20. Can I fit the Aico Smoke or Heat Alarm on the wall?
21. How many Aico Smoke and Heat Alarms can I link together?
22. Can I use a relay to signal other devices?
23. Can I use the relay to connect to a 24 Volt Fire Alarm System?
24. How often should they be tested?
25. Should they be tested with smoke/heat?
26. What maintenance schedule is recommended?
27. How long will the battery last?
28. How will I know if the battery has failed?
29. How long do Aico Smoke Alarms last?
30. How do I stop nuisance alarms?
31. What is the radiation risk from Aico Ionisation Smoke Alarms?
32. How do I dispose of redundant Aico Ei alarms that contain a NiCad battery?
33. Are the Aico Ei alarms with rechargeable Lithium Cells compatible with previous models?
34. Why choose Aico Ei Professional Smoke Alarms?

17. What cable do I need for the Aico Mains connections and where should the supply be taken from?

Fitting

We recommend the use of 6243Y 3 core and earth PVC insulated cable to BS6004 standard. Building Regulations and BS 5839: Pt 6 state that mains only alarms with back-up, can be wired from a dedicated circuit at the distribution board, or they can be wired from a regularly used lighting circuit. In both cases, all hard wired alarms should be on a single final circuit.

18. What cable do I need for the interconnect line?

Use the third core of 6243Y cable as stated above. Do NOT use the earth wire of twin and earth cable as this could cause problems of mistaken identity at a later date.

19. How do I mount the Aico Alarms on the ceiling?

The Aico Ei140 and Aico Ei160 series Smoke and Heat Alarms have an Easi-fit mounting plate,which incorporates an enclosure for the electrical connections, so no back box or mounting kit would normally be required.

20. Can I fit the Aico Smoke or the Aico Heat Alarm on the wall?

All of the Aico Ei alarms are designed for ceiling mounting and will under most circumstances perform better if sited in this position. If it really is not practical to mount them on the ceiling, a Smoke Alarm can be wall mounted with the top edge 15-30cm from the ceiling. Ensure that it is 30cm away from any corner or obstruction which may impede the movement of smoke to the alarm. Do not wall mount heat alarms.

21. How many Smoke and Heat Alarms can I link together?

We recommend that under normal circumstances Smoke and Heat Alarms should only be interconnected within the confines of a single family dwelling. If they are connected between different units, there may be excessive nuisance alarms and it can be difficult to locate and silence the unit causing the alarm. However, there is no technical reason why up to 20 alarms cannot be interconnected in a single system that encompasses a number of individual dwellings – such as may be required in an HMO, for instance. In circumstances such as these, a very high level of system design, management and maintenance is necessary to reduce the level of nuisance alarm.

The minimum requirement should be to install a System Remote Control Switch Ei1529RC on each floor of the property. By pressing the locate switch, all alarms in the system are silenced, for a period of approx. 8 – 10 minutes, except for the unit initiating the alarm state. This allows time to rectify the problem before the system is automatically reinstated to full working order.

22. Can I use a relay to signal other devices?

There are a number of options available for using a relay with Aico Ei Smoke and Heat Alarms. All the relays have volt-free output contacts rated at up to 240V and have both Normally Open and Normally Closed connections. There are relay options available for use with mains operated devices such as bells, sounders and door closers. In addition, there are relays available with a battery back-up for use with devices that will operate even in the event of a mains failure, such as Warden Call Systems. The relay can be mounted under an alarm, or can be remotely sited using the optional cover for electrical safety.

23. Can I use the relay to connect to a 24 Volt Fire Alarm System?

Technically it can be used but if the system has to comply to BS 5839: Pt 1 it may not meet all the requirements. For example, it is not possible to silence the sounder in the smoke alarm from the control panel. Many regulatory bodies now recognise that a dual system (smoke/heat alarms in the individual occupancies and a Pt.1 system in the communal areas) in HMOs can be an extremely effective means of reducing the incidence of false alarms. In this instance, subject to approval, it could be an advantage to have this link.

24. How often should they be tested?

Maintenance
We recommend weekly testing by pressing the test button on the alarm/s for between 5 – 10 seconds, or until all interconnected alarms sound. The use of a low level System Control Switch sited at low level can be used to make this easier for the occupier.

25. Should they be tested with smoke/heat?

BS 5839: Pt.6: 2004 recommends that a smoke/heat test is preformed when the system is commissioned. Pressing the test button checks the electronics, interconnect and the horn are operational, so it is our view that it is not necessary to test with smoke or heat and a ‘variation’ can be invoked in order to comply with the standard. However, if it is considered that testing of smoke alarms is a necessity, we would only recommend the use of special purpose built equipment such as the SAT332 Smoke Alarm Tester with the SAA300 Synthetic Smoke Aerosol. This device ensures that sufficient synthetic ”smoke” enters the sensor chamber and remains long enough for the Smoke Alarm to respond. Other methods of smoke testing, e.g. a lighted taper or smoke pellets, can give misleading results. Testers for Heat Alarms are also available. Do Not test with a flame – this can be a hazard in itself.

26. What maintenance schedule is recommended?

The Aico Ei range of Smoke Alarms and Heat Alarms are suitable for use in Grades D, E and F systems as defined in the British Standard which covers alarm systems in domestic dwellings, BS 5839: Pt6: 2004. It states that these alarms “should be cleaned periodically in accordance with the manufacturers instructions”.
Our recommendations are as follows:

• Regularly check to see that the green mains power light is on.
• Press the test button weekly to check all alarms in the system.
• Regularly check that the red light under the test button or on the cover flashes approx. every 40 seconds.
• Clean the cover of the alarm regularly using a barely damp, lint free cloth.
• On a monthly basis (at least) check the alarm for signs of contamination from dust, cobwebs or insects. Use a vacuum cleaner around the cover of the alarm to remove contamination.
• Check (at least annually) that the alarm will operate on back-up battery power only by switching off the mains supply and pressing the test button.

27. How long will the battery last?

This will depend on a number of factors that will differ slightly according to the type of alarm in use. The Aico Ei140 series alarms are supplied with an Alkaline battery which, dependent on conditions, can provide up to 4 years standby supply, up to 2 years without mains power. The Aico Ei160 series alarms are fitted with rechargeable Lithium power cells which are continuously charged by the alarm circuitry. They have a life expectancy greater than that of the Smoke Alarm, i.e 10 years or more,which eliminates the need for replacement.

28. How will I know if the battery has failed?

If either, the voltage of the battery falls to a sufficiently low level, or the internal resistance of the battery reaches a predetermined state, the alarm unit will emit a warning beep every 40 seconds. In the case of the Aico Ei140 series alarms, it is probable that the alkaline battery in the unit requires replacement. Access to the battery is gained by removing the alarm from the Easi-fit mounting plate. The power cells on the Aico Ei160 series alarms are not replaceable. If these units emit a low battery warning beep it is probable that the mains supply has failed. The cables, fuses etc should be investigated and the fault rectified. If the beeping continues the alarm may have a fault and it should be returned for inspection.

29. How long do Smoke Alarms last?

Miscellaneous
There is no technical reason why a Smoke or Heat Alarm should not last up to 10 years, but the actual lifespan will depend to a large extent on where and how the alarm has been sited, installed and maintained. The most common cause of alarm failure is due to contamination of the sensor chamber and/or electronics. In certain circumstances, even with regular cleaning, contamination can build up in the smoke sensing chamber causing the alarm to sound. If this happens the alarm must be returned for servicing or repair. All manufacturers of smoke alarms recommend that their products are replaced after 10 years use.

30. How do I stop nuisance alarms?

False alarms are usually a result of incorrect siting of the Smoke Alarm, by contamination as a result of building/redecoration operation, or poor levels of maintenance. For instance, if Ionisation alarms are sited too close to a Kitchen, false alarm will often result due to invisible cooking fumes reaching the alarm. Optical alarms are liable to contamination from dust and fibres, often associated with building work being undertaken without the alarms being properly covered. The Aico Ei140 and Aico Ei160 series smoke alarms are supplied with a ‘hush button’ that can be pressed to desensitise them to allow time for the source of the problem to be investigated. Use of the ‘hush button’ will only silence the alarm for 8 – 10 minutes after which the alarm will automatically reset. If the cause of the false alarm is contamination, the only method of permanently silencing the alarm is to remove the contamination source. This may not be possible without removal and cleaning of the alarm itself. It can be difficult to reach the hush button in some instances, particularly for the elderly and infirm, so the installation of a wall mounted System Remote Control Switch Ei1529RC should be considered to overcome this problem.

31. What is the radiation risk from Ionisation Smoke Alarms?

The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), UK have carried out extensive tests on Aico Ei professional Ionisation Smoke Alarms and have concluded that they are radiologically safe. They estimate that we receive 10,000 times as much radiation from our surroundings as we would from an ionisation alarm in normal use.

32. How do I dispose of redundant Aico Ei alarms that contain a NiCad battery?

The early 150 series alarms contained a NiCad battery and some may now be reaching their end of life. The Cadmium contained within the battery is a restricted substance under The Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 1994 and cannot be disposed of in normal waste. Aico / Ei Electronics take their responsibilities to the environment seriously, and will accept redundant Ei product back for recycling/disposal. The Aico Ei140 and Aico Ei160 series do not contain NiCAd batteries, so are not subject to disposal restrictions.

33. Are the Aico Ei alarms with rechargeable Lithium Cells compatible with previous models?

These have been designed to be fully compatible with previous Smoke and Heat Alarm models. Therefore if an old model 150 series mains powered alarm should require replacement, the equivalent model in the new 150 series can be easily and safely installed in it’s place. All Aico Ei140, 150 and 160 series alarms are also fully compatible with each other.

34. Why choose Ei Professional/Aico Ei Smoke Alarms?

Ei Professional Alarms are designed and manufactured by Europe’s largest producer of Smoke and Heat Alarms, with over 30 years experience in producing quality life safety devices. The latest techniques are used in the manufacturing process, with the highest quality and reliability standards (including BS EN ISO 9001:2000) being practised to ensure trouble-free performance. The Smoke Alarms and Heat Alarms are fully 3rd Party tested and Kitemarked to the relevant British Standard (BS 5446: Pt.1: 2000 for Smoke Alarms, BS 5446: Pt.2: 2003 for Heat Alarms). All the alarms are easily installed and come with comprehensive instruction leaflets and a 5 year guarantee.

PLEASE NOTE: The information contained in set of articles is only a summary of some of the key points about our Smoke and Heat Alarms. It is not intended to replace the instruction leaflet supplied with the product. Smoke and Heat Alarms must be installed by a qualified person according to the recommendations contained in whichever of the following documents are relevant to the specific installation; BS 5839: Pt.6, Building Regulations and I.E.E. Wiring Regulations. The information supplied in these articles is believed to be in conformity with these codes. However, Ei Electronics / Aico Ltd or Sparks Electrical Wholesalers Ltd cannot be held responsible for ensuring the Smoke and Heat Alarms, as installed, are in compliance with these codes. This is the responsibility of the installer and we recommend that the original source documents are consulted to achieve this end.

Read the first set of the frequent asked questions(the first 16 questions) concerning the Aico alarms:

1. What are the fire alarm requirements for New – Build properties?
2. What is a Grade D system?
3. What do LD2 and LD3 mean?
4. What are the requirements for existing properties?
5. What is a Fire Risk Assessment?
6. If I install an LD2 level of cover can this remove my responsibilities to conduct a Fire Risk Assessment?
7. What do I need to do to address the requirements of ‘special needs’ people or groups?
8. What types of sensor are available?
9. How do Aico Ei Ionisation and Optical Smoke Alarms work?
10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of both sensor types ?
11. How do Aico Ei Heat Alarms work?
12. Which Alarm should I use where?
13. Where should alarms be sited?
14. How many do I need?
15. Where shouldn’t the Aico Smoke Alarms be sited?
16. Will they always work?

Check out the available domestic fire alarm systems by visiting the Fire and Security section, Fire Alarms, Domestic Fire / Heat Alarms, where you can find an up-to-date selection of Aico smoke alarms, Aico Heat alarms, Aico CO alarms, etc. – buy online Aico fire alarms via SparksDirect.co.uk. This FAQ can also be found online here,  here and on the sparksdirect blog.